Advances In Degradation Mechanisms: Unveiling Pathways And Mitigation Strategies In Materials Science
Degradation mechanisms are critical to understanding the failure modes of materials in various environments, from structural alloys in aerospace to organic layers in photovoltaic cells. Recent research has deepened insights into these mechanisms, enabling the development of advanced mitigation strategies. This article highlights key breakthroughs in degradation studies, including novel characterization techniques, computational modeling advancements, and innovative material designs to enhance durability.
1. Electrochemical Degradation in Batteries Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) suffer from capacity fade due to cathode degradation, solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) growth, and lithium plating. Recent work by Xu et al. (2023) employedin situtransmission electron microscopy (TEM) to visualize SEI evolution, revealing that localized stress accelerates crack propagation in cathodes. Additionally, atomic layer deposition (ALD) of Al₂O₃ coatings has shown promise in suppressing transition-metal dissolution (Chen et al., 2022).
2. Polymer Degradation Under UV and Thermal Stress Photodegradation and thermal oxidation remain major challenges for polymers. A 2023 study by Lee et al. identified radical chain scission as the dominant pathway in polypropylene under UV exposure, using synchrotron-based X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Meanwhile, self-healing polymers incorporating dynamic covalent bonds (e.g., Diels-Alder adducts) have demonstrated 80% recovery of mechanical properties after degradation (Zhang et al., 2022).
3. Corrosion in High-Entropy Alloys (HEAs) HEAs exhibit exceptional corrosion resistance, but their degradation in chloride-rich environments is not fully understood. A breakthrough by Wang et al. (2023) linked the formation of Cr-rich passive films to delayed pitting initiation in FeCoNiCrMn HEAs, achieved throughab initiomolecular dynamics simulations.
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