PV-driven mobile homes for disaster recovery
A research group led by Japan’s Nagoya University has conducted a feasibility study of PV-powered temporary housing solutions tailored to Japan’s unique climatic and disaster-prone conditions.
“The novelty of this research lies in its application to Japan, a country highly susceptible to seismic disasters, where the potential for energy self-sufficiency in mobile homes has been relatively unexplored,” corresponding author, Sihwan Lee, told pv magazine. “By integrating PV panels with energy storage, the study demonstrates how renewable energy can enhance resilience in temporary housing solutions, reducing reliance on external power sources.”
The experimental set-up was based on a commercially available mobile home that includes a bedroom and living room with an integrated kitchen, bathroom, restroom, and lavatory. A single air conditioner located in the bedroom provides heating and cooling for the entire unit. Exhaust fans located in the living room, bathroom, and lavatory provided ventilation. On that unit, the team installed eight 300 W PV panels to achieve a total input of 2,400 W. A lithium-ion iron phosphate (LiFePO4) battery with a capacity of 3 kWh was installed inside the house.
The system was tested on January 19, 2024, in the Japanese city of Nagano. The maximum air temperature recorded on the measurement day was 7.4 C at 13:40, with an average temperature of 3.8 C throughout the recorded period. The global horizontal irradiation (GHI) peaked at 12:12, reaching a magnitude of 744.0 W/m2.
“On the day of measurement, the total electricity generated by the solar panels was approximately 4.2 kWh, whereas the air conditioner consumed approximately 8.3 kWh,” the research team said. “Although the power-generation efficiency varied with the surface temperature of the solar panels, the average power-generation efficiency during the day was approximately 16.0%, which was lower than the catalog-specified value of 19.3%.”
Image: Nagoya University, Sustainable Cities and Society, CC BY 4.0
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