Could decarbonising our cities be the answer to climate change?
Over half of the world's population live in urban areas and three-quarters of all energy is consumed by those living in cities.
More than four billion people globally live in urban areas -that’s more than half of the world’s population. By 2050, the UN predicts that this number could grow to two-thirds of people globally.
These communities are also on the front lines when it comes to climate change. Those living in urban areas are increasingly affected by rising temperatures and air pollution. In 136 coastal cities, damages from climate-related extreme weather could cause up to €2.6 trillion of damages by 2050 if we don’t adapt.
With three-quarters of all energy consumed worldwide used by people living in cities, transitioning towards renewable energy is vital to tackling climate change. These are potential areas where phasing out fossil fuels can have a big impact on the future of our planet.
After lockdowns resulted in less air and noise pollution last year, a report from international policy network REN21 has found that many of our metropolitan areas are already making changes.
In 2020, the number of cities around the world with a partial or complete ban on fossil fuels increased fivefold. Compared to 2019, 10,500 cities have now adopted targets to reduce CO2 emissions and 800 have committed to reaching net-zero. As the use of sources such as solar and wind increases, one billion people now also live in cities with a renewable energy target or policy already in place.
Rapidly replacing polluting fuel sources with renewable energy, the report found, is a ‘critical factor’ in the success of their climate policies.
“With their impact at scale, cities are our best bet to plan, develop and build a renewable future,” says Rana Adib, REN21’s executive director.
“But all too often their potential for transformation remains massively underused.”
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Good but not good enoughSome of the world’s biggest contributors to emissions are air conditioning, heating systems and transport - factors that are best addressed at a local level. Adib points to cities like Hamburg, San Francisco and Shanghai as good examples of places striving to replace fossil fuels.
Following the example of cities in China and America, Hamburg announced last year that it would only purchase emissions-free vehicles. When it comes to developing new buildings, the government has imposed renewable energy obligations and it is the only city in Germany to have banned oil-based heating and air conditioning.
“The more ambitious they are, the more they think of renewable energy everywhere. They impose strict building codes and renewable energy obligations,” Adib says.
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