Colored modules for building-integrated photovoltaics
The market for a seamless integration of PV in buildings seems to lie especially in the energetic renovation of historic buildings. A recent study found that when PV modules are colored to match the roof or façade of an existing building, then social acceptance increases. But striking the balance between aesthetics and energy yield has presented a challenge for solar researchers until now: Solar modules for building-integrated applications need to behave optically like a traditional colored element while still generating as much power as possible.
Taking inspiration from the 3D photonic structures on a Morpho butterfly’s shimmering blue wings, scientists at Germany's Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE have developed colored solar panels that can be incorporated into a building’s exterior practically invisibly while maintaining high efficiency.
In 2024 the Institute of Psychology at the University of Freiburg, Germany, and the neighboring Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE conducted a joint study on the social acceptance of building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV). The conclusions showed that the acceptance of integrated photovoltaics in urban areas is generally very high and that PV on modern buildings is viewed more positively than on historic buildings.
The study also showed, however, that when PV modules are colored to match the building's roof or façade so that they are practically invisible, then social acceptance is increased to the point where no difference is detected between the different building types. “An important finding of the study is that the social acceptance of PV systems depends on the type of building and visual impression. These two factors weigh much more heavily than personal variables such as personal values, political attitudes, or environmental concerns,” summarized the authors of the study.
Market expectations for building-integrated PV
Today, 75% of installed PV in Germany is located on buildings. The market for photovoltaics on buildings is growing continuously and holds great potential. Around 400 GW of installed PV power will be required by 2045 for the energy transition in Germany to succeed. With a technical potential of around 1,000 GW, photovoltaics on buildings can make a significant contribution to the decarbonization of the building sector and built infrastructure – without taking up additional land area.
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